A thin crust formed by rain-on-snow.
![](https://avalanche.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/1Heather_Thamm4E1A6652-e1664374616873-1200x814.jpg)
Credit: Chugach National Forest Avalanche Information Center
Rain crusts form from rain freezing on the snow surface. They are characterized by a hard, thin, often, but not always breakable surface that forms ubiquitously on all aspects below the rain/snow transition. The thickness and strength of these crusts can vary dramatically with elevation.
![](https://avalanche.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/rain-crust-600x450.jpg)
The sheen from a rain crust. Credit: Crested Butte Avalanche Center
![](https://avalanche.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/rain-crust-1-600x450.jpg)
Rain crust is often used as a catch-all term to describe crusts that form from rain-on-snow events. More commonly, rain causes snowmelt that is technically classified as a melt-freeze crust (as shown here). Either way, it makes for unpleasant riding conditions. Credit: Flathead Avalanche Center.
![](https://avalanche.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/IMG_5804-1-600x450.jpg)
If facets develop around a rain crust, they can plague the snowpack for most of the season as a persistent weak layer. Credit: Flathead Avalanche Center